Theoretically, you could get adequate
protein from a strictly vegetarian diet, but practically it would be extremely
difficult. For one thing, it would require the eating of huge amounts of food.
Most vegetarian diets make excellent use of eggs, milk, and cheese, and to that
extent are only partly vegetarian.
Animal proteins are stressed in your
reducing diet for another reason. Recent knowledge indicates that Vitamin A is
not always well absorbed in the form in which it occurs in green plants. Such
plants, normally rated as excellent sources of the vitamin, contain it in
yellow pigments of which the chief is carotene.
This
does not become the vitamin until it is altered in your liver. It has been
found that some persons absorb as little as 5% of available carotene; hence,
though their food contains plenty of Vitamin A units, they derive no benefit
from it.
Animal foods, however—eggs, butter, liver,
milk, cheese —contain the true vitamin. The animal has done all the work of
converting the carotene into Vitamin A, saving you the trouble.
That this is no trifling virtue is
indicated by the belief of many authorities that Vitamin A is likely to be
deficient in many reducing diets. There is a natural tendency to cut down on
milk, butter, and cream—relatively rich in Vitamin A—because these contain
considerable amounts of fat.
There is real danger in eliminating all
dairy products from a self-chosen reducing diet. One man did just that and got
his case reported in medical records. His skin became dry and rough; his hair
grew brittle, lost its luster, and also lost its anchorage, starting to fall
out. His dry skin tormented him with its itchiness. When he finally went to a
doctor, he was promptly placed on a rational diet and his symptoms cleared up
with Vitamin A concentrates.
Still another reason why reducers should be
liberal in their use of animal products is found in the recent discovery that
mineral oil interferes with the absorption of vegetable carotene in the
intestine.
Because it has no caloric value, mineral
oil is a popular ingredient of salad dressings used by dieters. This is good
sense because salad dressings can be very high in calories.
An excellent green salad, crammed with
enough carotene to make several thousand units of Vitamin A, has its potency in
this respect dangerously lowered by mineral oil dressings. True Vitamin A, from
concentrates or animal foods, is not particularly affected by mineral oil.
The minimum amount of protein that you can
get along on reasonably well can be roughly figured at slightly less than 2
calories per pound of ideal weight. This amount, however, will merely take care
of your replacement needs and won't have time to jump on the backs of other
calories to spur them into action.
It is only surplus protein calories that
stimulate the specific dynamic action we have been talking about. That is why
your reducing diets provide a generous surplus.
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